Many high performers look to elite figures—entrepreneurs, athletes, military personnel—who seem to thrive on just a few hours of sleep. But research consistently shows that chronic sleep deprivation leads to cognitive decline, impaired decision-making, and increased risk of chronic disease.

Studies on sleep restriction have found that while people may feel like they are adapting, their objective cognitive performance continues to decline. In a landmark study, participants who were restricted to six hours of sleep per night for two weeks experienced the same cognitive impairments as someone who had been awake for 24 hours straight. Even though they reported feeling "fine," their reaction times, memory, and problem-solving abilities deteriorated significantly.

Not everyone requires the same amount of sleep. A small percentage of people—about 1% of the population—carry a genetic mutation in the DEC2 gene, which allows them to function optimally on just 4-6 hours of sleep per night. However, unless you've won the genetic lottery, trying to force your body into this pattern can backfire.

A 2021 study using sleep-tracking and performance tests found that individuals attempting to train themselves to need less sleep had significant increases in cortisol (stress hormone) levels and decreased reaction times, suggesting that they were merely accumulating sleep debt. In contrast, studies have shown that high performers who prioritize 7-9 hours of high-quality sleep outperform those who cut corners.

While permanently reducing sleep needs is unlikely for most, you can train yourself to sleep more efficiently:

For 99% of people, the answer is no. While you can become more efficient in the way you sleep—optimizing deep sleep, napping strategically, and reducing sleep latency—long-term sleep reduction without consequences is not a viable strategy. Instead of trying to "hack" sleep by cutting hours, the real key is to maximize sleep quality, align with natural rhythms, and use strategic naps when needed. If you want to sustain peak performance without wrecking your health, protecting your sleep should be non-negotiable.