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The big picture: The Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) is a critical measurement used in sleep studies to assess the severity of sleep apnea. It quantifies the average number of apnea (complete breathing cessation) and hypopnea (partial reduction in breathing) events per hour of sleep. AHI is one of the primary criteria for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and helps guide treatment decisions, which may range from lifestyle modifications to more advanced interventions like CPAP therapy.

Role in sleep health: AHI provides insight into sleep quality and oxygenation. Frequent interruptions in breathing can fragment sleep, reduce oxygen levels, and contribute to symptoms like daytime fatigue, memory issues, and mood changes. Chronic untreated sleep apnea can lead to more serious health problems, including high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders.

AHI levels and severity: These classifications help doctors determine the best course of treatment and monitor the effectiveness of interventions.

Normal: Less than 5 events per hour.
Mild apnea: 5–15 events per hour.
Moderate apnea: 15–30 events per hour.
Severe apnea: More than 30 events per hour.

Managing high AHI: For elevated AHI scores, common treatments include lifestyle changes, weight management, CPAP therapy, or in some cases, surgery to keep the airway open during sleep.