Know your inherited immune risk before infections take their toll

Antibody deficiencies

Genes needed to make antibodies that fight infections. Defects cause frequent sinus, ear, and lung infections and may require immunoglobulin replacement therapy.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Genes behind SCID ("bubble boy" disease), where both T and B cells are absent or non-functional. Requires urgent treatment, usually bone marrow transplant, in infancy.

T cell & combined deficiencies

Genes affecting T cell function and combined immune responses. These conditions increase vulnerability to viral infections, particularly EBV and herpes viruses.

MHC & antigen presentation defects

Genes needed to display infection signals on cell surfaces so the immune system can respond. Called "bare lymphocyte syndrome" when these are missing.

Bone marrow failure & telomere disorders

Genes where immune deficiency results from bone marrow failure or telomere disorders. Patients may develop low blood counts across multiple cell types over time.

DNA repair & chromosomal instability

Genes where immune problems arise alongside DNA repair defects. These conditions often also cause growth issues, neurological problems, or cancer predisposition.

Syndromic immunodeficiencies

Genes where immune deficiency is part of a broader syndrome affecting the heart, face, skin, or other organs. Early recognition helps coordinate care across specialists.

Nutrient absorption & immune support

Genes where immune deficiency results from inability to absorb or use essential nutrients like folate, B12, or iron.