The big picture: Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) mass refers to the amount of fat stored around internal organs such as the liver, pancreas, and intestines. Unlike subcutaneous fat (fat stored under the skin), VAT is associated with a higher risk of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. Measuring VAT mass provides crucial insight into an individual’s risk profile, as higher VAT levels are strongly correlated with insulin resistance, inflammation, and increased cardiometabolic risk.

Role in health: VAT mass is more metabolically active than subcutaneous fat, producing inflammatory markers and hormones that negatively affect insulin sensitivity and cholesterol levels. This fat is often referred to as “dangerous fat” because it is linked to a variety of serious health conditions, including heart disease, stroke, and fatty liver disease.

High VAT mass: Excess VAT is linked to higher risks of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. Even in individuals with normal body weight, high VAT levels (also called “normal weight obesity”) can contribute to poor health outcomes.

Low VAT mass: Lower VAT levels are generally associated with better metabolic health, reduced inflammation, and a lower risk of chronic diseases.

Managing VAT mass: Reducing VAT involves a combination of dietary changes (reducing refined carbohydrates and added sugars), regular physical activity (especially aerobic exercise and strength training), and stress management. Reducing overall body fat, especially visceral fat, can significantly improve metabolic health.