The big picture: The LP-IR (Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance) Score measures insulin resistance by analyzing specific lipoprotein particles in the blood. Unlike traditional tests that focus only on glucose and insulin, LP-IR takes a deeper look at how lipids interact with insulin sensitivity. A high LP-IR score signals insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. What makes it unique is its ability to detect early signs of metabolic dysfunction—even before glucose levels rise.

Role in metabolic health: Insulin resistance means your body’s cells aren’t fully responding to the hormone insulin which tells tissues to absorb glucose from the bloodstream. This leads to higher blood sugar and increased fat storage. Over time, this insulin resistance can worsen and lead to prediabetes, diabetes, and increase the risk of heart disease. The LP-IR score tracks changes in lipoproteins (LDL particles and VLDL particles) linked to insulin resistance. This test is especially useful for spotting insulin resistance early, often before glucose-based tests like HOMA-IR show any issues.

Link to cardiovascular health: Elevated LP-IR scores are not only indicators of insulin resistance but also point to a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance often causes harmful shifts in blood lipids, including higher triglycerides, lower HDL, and more small, dense LDL particles. These changes increase the risk of atherosclerosis, heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular problems.

How it’s measured: The LP-IR score is based on six lipoprotein measurements obtained through advanced NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) technology. These measurements are combined into a single score, ranging from 0 to 100, where higher scores indicate more insulin resistance. If your score is above 50, it suggests you have significant insulin resistance and should consider lifestyle changes or medical interventions.

What high and low scores mean: A high LP-IR score indicates substantial insulin resistance and a higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease, even in individuals who may not yet show abnormal glucose levels. A low LP-IR score reflects good insulin sensitivity and a lower risk of metabolic complications.

Improving LP-IR score: Insulin resistance can be reduced through lifestyle adjustments. Eating a diet rich in whole foods, cutting back on refined carbohydrates, and increasing fiber intake can help lower insulin resistance. Regular physical activity, particularly strength training and cardio, also improves insulin sensitivity. Even modest weight loss can significantly lower insulin resistance and improve LP-IR scores.