PGx Comprehensive

49 biomarkers included

• ABCB1 GenotypeEncodes P-glycoprotein, the pump that pushes many drugs back out of cells; variants change how much of an antidepressant, opioid or statin reaches its target.
• ABCG2 GenotypeDrug efflux transporter; the Q141K variant raises blood levels of rosuvastatin and allopurinol.
• ACE GenotypeThe insertion/deletion variant changes angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and may shift response to ACE inhibitors.
• ANKK1 GenotypeThe Taq1A variant next to DRD2 tracks dopamine D2 receptor density and is linked to antipsychotic response and addiction-treatment outcomes.
• APOE GenotypeA genetic variant of the protein that carries cholesterol and fats through your blood and brain, with three common forms that strongly influence your risk for Alzheimer's disease and heart disease.
• ATM GenotypeA gene that carries instructions for a protein that finds and helps repair breaks in your DNA, so that inherited changes in it can raise the odds of certain cancers.
• BCHE GenotypeButyrylcholinesterase variants slow the breakdown of succinylcholine and mivacurium, prolonging paralysis after anesthesia.
• CACNA1S GenotypeVariants confer susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia with volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine.
• CES1 GenotypeCarboxylesterase 1 activates or clears clopidogrel, methylphenidate and several ACE inhibitor prodrugs.
• COMT Genotype (Val158Met)A common inherited change in a gene that helps your body break down dopamine and other brain chemicals, which can subtly shift how you handle stress, pain, and medications.
• CYP2B6 GenotypeMetabolizes efavirenz, bupropion and methadone; slow metabolizers run higher drug levels and more side effects.
• CYP2C18 GenotypeMinor CYP2C enzyme reported alongside CYP2C19; its variants travel with the CYP2C haplotype.
• CYP2C19 GenotypeAn inherited variant in a gene that controls how your body breaks down many common prescription drugs, including blood thinners, antidepressants, and acid-reflux medicines.
• CYP2C8 GenotypeMetabolizes paclitaxel, pioglitazone and NSAIDs such as ibuprofen.
• CYP2C9 GenotypeClears warfarin, phenytoin, celecoxib and other NSAIDs; reduced-function alleles call for lower doses.
• CYP2D6 GenotypeMetabolizes about a quarter of prescribed drugs, including many antidepressants, antipsychotics, opioids such as codeine and tramadol, and tamoxifen.
• CYP3A4 GenotypeThe main liver enzyme for statins, calcium channel blockers, tacrolimus and many other drugs; the *22 allele lowers activity.
• CYP3A5 GenotypeExpressers clear tacrolimus faster and need higher doses to reach the same level.
• CYP4F2 GenotypeVitamin K metabolism; the V433M variant nudges warfarin dose requirements upward.
• DPYD GenotypeBreaks down fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy (5-FU, capecitabine); deficient variants cause severe, sometimes fatal toxicity.
• DRD2 GenotypeDopamine D2 receptor variants are linked to antipsychotic response and side effects.
• ERCC1 GenotypeA common inherited variation in a gene your cells use to repair damaged DNA, which can influence how your body responds to certain chemotherapy drugs.
• F2 GenotypeThe prothrombin G20210A variant raises clotting risk, a consideration with estrogen-containing contraceptives and hormone therapy.
• Factor V LeidenA genetic mutation in one of the body's clotting proteins that makes blood more likely to form dangerous clots by disabling the off switch that normally slows clotting down.
• G6PD GenotypeDeficiency causes red-cell hemolysis with rasburicase, primaquine, dapsone and other oxidative drugs.
• GGCX GenotypeGamma-glutamyl carboxylase activates the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors; variants have a small effect on warfarin dose.
• GRIK4 GenotypeGlutamate receptor variant associated with response to SSRIs such as citalopram.
• GSTP1 GenotypeGlutathione S-transferase detoxifies platinum and other chemotherapies; variants affect toxicity and response.
• HLA-A GenotypeHLA-A*31:01 predicts hypersensitivity reactions to carbamazepine.
• HLA-B GenotypeHLA-B*57:01 (abacavir), *58:01 (allopurinol) and *15:02 (carbamazepine, phenytoin) flag serious hypersensitivity risk.
• HTR1A GenotypeSerotonin 1A receptor variant associated with antidepressant and antipsychotic response.
• HTR2A GenotypeSerotonin 2A receptor variants are linked to SSRI response and side effects.
• HTR2C GenotypeSerotonin 2C receptor variants are linked to weight gain on atypical antipsychotics.
• IFNL4 GenotypeDetermines response to interferon-based hepatitis C treatment.
• ITPA GenotypeInosine triphosphatase deficiency changes tolerance of ribavirin and thiopurines.
• KIF6 GenotypeThe Trp719Arg variant has been studied for coronary risk and the size of statin benefit.
• MT-RNR1 GenotypeMitochondrial 12S rRNA variants such as m.1555A>G cause permanent hearing loss after aminoglycoside antibiotics.
• MTHFR GenotypeA pair of common inherited DNA changes in a gene that controls how your body processes folate and clears a damaging amino acid from your blood.
• NAT2 GenotypeSlow acetylators accumulate isoniazid, hydralazine and sulfonamides and see more side effects.
• NQO1 GenotypeNAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase detoxifies quinone drugs; the *2 allele abolishes its activity.
• NUDT15 GenotypeReduced-function variants cause severe bone marrow suppression on thiopurines (azathioprine, mercaptopurine), most often in East Asian ancestry.
• OPRM1 GenotypeThe A118G mu-opioid receptor variant is linked to opioid dose requirement and naltrexone response.
• RYR1 GenotypeVariants cause malignant hyperthermia with volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine.
• SLCO1B1 Genotype (Val174Ala)A common inherited variation in a liver gene that reduces how well the liver pulls certain medications, especially statins, out of the bloodstream.
• TPMT GenotypeThiopurine methyltransferase deficiency causes life-threatening bone marrow suppression on azathioprine, mercaptopurine and thioguanine.
• UGT1A1 GenotypeThe *28 allele (Gilbert syndrome) raises irinotecan toxicity and atazanavir-related jaundice.
• UGT1A4 GenotypeGlucuronidates lamotrigine and some antipsychotics; variants change how fast they clear.
• VKORC1 GenotypeA common inherited variation in a gene that controls how your body recycles vitamin K, the same recycling step that the blood thinner warfarin blocks.
• XRCC1 GenotypeDNA repair gene studied for platinum chemotherapy response and toxicity.