Rh Type Test

The Rh factor (Rhesus factor) is a protein that may or may not be present on the surface of red blood cells. Its presence or absence determines whether a person’s blood is classified as Rh-positive (Rh+) or Rh-negative (Rh-):

• Rh Positive (Rh+): The Rh antigen is present on red blood cells. Around 85% of people are Rh-positive.
• Rh Negative (Rh-): The Rh antigen is absent. Rh-negative individuals can develop antibodies against Rh-positive blood if exposed to it.

Role in Pregnancy

If an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive baby, her immune system may recognize the baby’s red blood cells as foreign and produce antibodies against them. This can result in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), where the baby’s red blood cells are destroyed, leading to severe anemia, jaundice, or, in severe cases, stillbirth.