Vitamin K2 supports bone density and arterial health.



K1 (phylloquinone, from leafy greens) supports clotting. K2 (menaquinone) activates osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein, sending calcium to bones and keeping it out of arteries. K2 is the form most relevant for bone density and cardiovascular protection.
MK-7 has a much longer half-life (3 days vs hours) and provides steady effects from one daily dose. MK-4 needs multiple doses per day at higher amounts. Most modern formulas use MK-7. Trans-MK-7 (the bioactive isomer) is what you want.
Yes. K2 can affect warfarin (a vitamin K antagonist), so people on warfarin should consult their clinician before supplementing. Newer anticoagulants (DOACs) don't interact with vitamin K. Aim for consistent K intake if you're on warfarin rather than avoiding it.
90–180 mcg/day of MK-7 is a common range. Higher doses (180–360 mcg) are used for arterial calcification or significant bone loss. Effects are dose-dependent and well-tolerated up to 1,000 mcg/day in studies.
Natto (fermented soybeans) is by far the highest — a 50 g serving has 500+ mcg. Other sources: hard cheeses (especially Edam, Gouda), egg yolks, butter from grass-fed cows, chicken liver, and goose liver. Most Western diets are low in K2.
Studies suggest 180 mcg MK-7 daily may slow or modestly improve arterial calcification over 1–3 years. It activates matrix Gla protein (MGP), which keeps calcium out of arteries. Effects build slowly — combine with optimized D, magnesium, and lifestyle factors.
Yes — they work synergistically. Vitamin D increases calcium absorption; K2 directs that calcium into bones rather than soft tissues. The combination is preferred for bone density and arterial protection.
Generally well-tolerated. Rare reactions include digestive upset or skin reactions. Unlike K1, K2 has no upper limit established. The main precaution is for people on warfarin — talk to a clinician first.
With a meal containing fat — K2 is fat-soluble. MK-7 has a 3-day half-life, so once-daily dosing maintains steady levels. MK-4 needs to be taken multiple times per day in higher doses to maintain effect.